Both general and specialized physics education develops a person's ability to think in a model-oriented way. A person with developed model thinking is able to analyze events, understand their causes and consequences. And such a skill is necessary in any sphere of activity, no matter what science it is connected with.
Basic concepts of physics. System of units. Vector and scalar quantities. Speed. Straight linear motion. Movement and traveled. Operations on vector quantities.
This lesson mainly describes the relativity of motion, the variables that change with the change of the number body, the relativity of the concept of peace, geometric methods for determining the final and relative velocities and the invariance of time, the change in the equation of motion during the transition from one number system to another number system.
Studying how to graph the change in quantities that characterize motion over time. It is mathematically proven that the tangent of the angle of inclination of the graphs relative to the time axis is the velocity and the distance traveled by the surface under the velocity graph. From the graphs of the dependence of the coordinate on time, it is learned to determine the place and time of meeting of objects.
ntroduction to several types of non-uniform motion, analysis of velocity graphs of uniform and non-uniform motion by comparison. The introduction of the concept of acceleration, instantaneous speed, initial speed, and average speed are highlighted. It is proven that the equation of distance traveled can be derived from the velocity graph.
Deriving additional equations for velocity and path for uniformly changing motion, proving the formula for calculating the distance traveled in the last second using velocity graphs. Different ways of solving problems of different levels related to this movement are highlighted.
Explain the concept of free fall, write down the basic equations of motion for objects that are thrown up vertically and fall down freely. Get to know the coordinates, velocity, and road graphs for this movement. Learn how to graph quadratic equations.
The motion of a horizontal thrown object, projections of velocity and acceleration in that motion. The angle of deviation of the velocity vector from the horizontal.
The motion of an object thrown at an angle to the horizon. Minimum and maximum speed values. Maximum climbing altitude. Maximum flight range.
Curvilinear motion and velocity, angular velocity, angular acceleration, rotational period, rotational frequency, types of transmission.
Acceleration in rotational motion, tangential acceleration, normal acceleration, net acceleration.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Solving problems in the dynamics chapter.
Non-uniform circular motion. Normal and tangential acceleration as the main acceleration components. Angular and linear velocities. Angular acceleration. The basic equation of the angle of rotation.
Dynamics of rotational motion. Moment of inertia. Inertial moment formulas for objects of different shapes. Moment of momentum. Similarity in the dynamics of rotational and translational motion. The total kinetic energy of rotational motion. The mechanical work done to change the energy.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Methods for solving complex motion problems. Studying complex movements in the form of several simple movements. Working with the method of changing the time and place of meeting of objects in a number system.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Methods of working with vector quantities. Introduction to methods for solving problems related to performing various mathematical operations on vectors.
Mass, density, force, inertia, inertia, Newton's first law and Newton's second law.
The force of gravity, the law of attraction of the whole world, the force of the basic reaction, weightlessness, the force of tension, convex and concave bridges, the circle of Nestrov.
Deformation, deformation types, elasticity force, Guk's law, friction force and its types, friction in an inclined plane, spring stiffness, sequential and parallel connection of springs.
Movements under the action of several forces, an equal force, the force of the reference reaction, the law of universal gravitation, and the force of friction in an inclined plane.
Archimedean force, motion of bodies in a fluid, lifting force of an air balloon.
Statics, Center of mass of bodies, power shoulder, torque, types of equilibrium, lever.
Solving problems for reinforcement and review purposes.Solving problems related to the statics section of mechanics.
Solving problems for reinforcement and review purposes.Solving problems related to the hydrostatics section. Changes in object weight under the influence of Archimedes' force.
Solving problems for reinforcement and review purposes. Studying the motion of interconnected objects. Inclined plane, motion of objects on a plane. Motion of interconnected objects on pulleys.
Momentum, body momentum, force impulse, central elastic collision, relative momentum, resultant momentum, plastic and elastic collisions.
Mechanical work, positive work and negative work, energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, power, efficiency.
Solving problems for reinforcement and review.Solving problems related to conservation laws in mechanics. The laws of conservation of energy and momentum.
Types of motion: translational motion, rotational motion, oscillatory motion, harmonic oscillations.
Free oscillations, forced oscillations, oscillation period, oscillation frequency, angular frequency, mathematical pendulum, spring pendulum, kinetic and potential energy in oscillatory motion, total energy.
Mechanical waves. Types of waves. Wave propagation speed. Wavelength. Wave surface. Plane waves and spherical waves. Sound waves. Pitch, loudness, and timbre of sound waves.
Damped oscillations.Damping of harmonic oscillations under the influence of resistance forces. The fundamental equation of damped oscillatory motion.
Pressure, pressure units, hydrostatic pressure, Pascal's law, air pressure, hydraulic press.
Molecule, atom, basic 3 rules of MKN, atomic mass, molar mass, amount of matter, relative atomic mass, mass of one molecule, number of molecules, Avogadro's law.
Aggregate states, Brownian motion, chaotic motion, parameters indicating the state of matter, mean square velocity, molecular concentration, kinetic energy, and the basic equation of the MKN.
Temperature, units of temperature, thermal equilibrium, thermometer, absolute temperature, ideal gas, real gas, kinetic energy, Boltzmann constant, Shtern's experiment.
Ideal gas, gas laws, iso-processes and their types, application of iso-processes for the Mendeleyev-Clapeiron equation.
Isoprocess problems, Mendeleev-Clapeiron equation, isothermal process, isobaric process, isochoric process.
Hydro-and aeromechanics. Bernoulli's law for liquids and gases. Laminar and turbulent flows in moving liquids and gases. The laws of conservation of energy in moving liquids. The continuity of the flow. Areas of application of Bernoulli's equation. The lifting force of an aircraft's wing.Methods for reducing resistance forces in the environment.
Consolidation of the topic with work on MKN and gas law problems. Working with graphs and getting acquainted with methods for solving complex problems.
The properties of a solid body.Amorphous and crystalline substances. Single-crystal and polycrystalline. Isotropy and anisotropy. Deformation and its types. Absolute and relative elongation. Mechanical stress. Diagram of elongation in deformations. Heat expansion of solids. The thermal coefficient of temperature.
The basic equation of the MPC. The degrees of freedom of gas molecules. Kinetic energy of an ideal gas. The pressure of a gas mixture is Dalton's law. Distribution of gas molecules by velocity. The average square velocity of gas molecules. The Shtern experiment.
The main tasks of the hydrostatics department. Hydrostatic paradox. Archimedes' power and Archimedes' law. Conjugated vessels. Work done against the Archimedean force and calculating work done by the Archimedean force.
Thermodynamics, energy quantities, internal energy, ideal and real gases, single and polyatomic gases, degree of freedom of molecules, universal gas constant, internal energy for gases, change in internal energy.
The first law of thermodynamics, the work done when gas expands and is compressed, the work done by external forces, and the work done in iso-processes.
The application of the first law of thermodynamics to iso-processes, an adiabatic process.
Heat phenomena, types of heat transfer, heat content, specific heat capacity, combustion heat, melting or solidification heat, evaporation or condensation heat, condensation, sublimation, boiling, melting, hardening, evaporation, desublimation, solids, amorphous bodies, crystalline bodies.
2nd and 3rd law of thermodynamics, irreversible processes, thermal machines, Carnot cycle, efficiency of thermal machines, 1st and 2nd eternal engine, types of engines.
Air humidity, relative humidity, absolute humidity, saturated steam, unsaturated steam, dynamic equilibrium, dew point, critical temperature.
The surface tension force, the coefficient of surface tension, the moistening and non-moistening angle, the absolute moistening and non-moistening angle, capillary phenomena, and the height of fluid rise in parallel plates.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Methods for solving problems related to thermodynamics. Application of the first law of thermodynamics.
Electrification, elementary charge, charge quantity, number of electrons, electron, proton, neutron, electroscope, electrometer, charge conservation law, Coulomb's law.
Electric field, field strength, charge surface density, electric field of a sphere.
The relationship between the potential energy of an electric field, the potential, the electric field potential of a ball or sphere, the potential, and the surface density of a charge.
Electrostatic field, Mechanical work, Work performed during charge transfer in an electrostatic field, potential difference.
Relationships between the electric field and potential, the relationship between the equipotential surface, the equipotential surface, and the field strength.
Electrical capacitance, capacitor, electrical capacitance of a flat capacitor, electrical capacitance of a ball or sphere, charge on capacitors.
Condenser energy, energy for both connected and non-connected states, energy density.
Electrical current in metals. Particles carrying electrical current in metals. Experiments on the nature of current in metals. The temperature dependence of electrical resistance of metals. Superconductivity. The thermal coefficient of temperature.
Electric current in liquids. The ionic bond between atoms. The formation of positive and negative ions. Dissolution and molization. Faraday's law for electrolytes. Chemical effect of current. Application of the electrolysis process in engineering and other fields.
Electrical current in vacuum, gases, and semiconductors. Thermoelectronic emission. The motion of electrons between a cathode and anode. Vacuum diode and triode. Conditions for the passage of electricity in gases. Gas discharge and its types. Ionization and recombination. Saturation current. Graph of the relationship between gas and vacuum current and voltage. The formation of a paired covalent bond in semiconductors. Pure and mixed conductivity. Semiconductor diodes and transistors. Areas of application of semiconductor devices.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Methods for solving problems in the electrostatics section.
Electrical shock, effects of electric current, electron shock in metals, shock force, ammeter, shock density.
Source of current, simplest electrical circuit, voltage, voltmeter, electrical resistance, Om's law for part of the circuit, connection of resistances.
Connect the conductors sequentially. Parallel connections, resistance, voltage, and load.
The work of a constant electric current. The power of a direct electric current, the Joule-Lenz law, the power of lamps.
Providing information about the Om's law and the electric force when there is a current source in a circuit. Developing skills in applying Kirchhoff's laws in electrical circuits.
Connecting the main measuring instruments to the electrical circuit. Connect an ammeter, voltmeter to an electrical circuit. Connect a shunt resistor to increase the ammeter and voltmeter measurement threshold.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition.Methods of sequential, parallel, and mixed connection of conductors and consumers to an electrical circuit.
Conclusions arising from Kirchhoff's laws. Replacing serial and parallel connected current sources with a single equally powerful source based on Kirchhoff's laws. Methods for calculating electrical circuits for mixed-connected current sources and consumers.
Magnetic field, Ampere force, induction, force of parallel shocks, left-hand rule. Magnetic field induction in a solid, circle, solenoid, and toroid.
Lorentz force, left-hand rule, electron motion of proton and neutron in a magnetic field, and rotation period.
Magnetic induction. Ampere Force, Lorentz Force.
Magnetic flux, electromagnetic induction, inductive flux.
Inductivity, self-induction, induction current, lamp latency.
Electromagnetic vibrations.Vibration contour. The laws of change in the charge, current, and voltage in the oscillatory circuit. The change in energy in the oscillatory circuit. Free and forced oscillations. Maximum values of charge, current, and voltage.
Variable electric current. Magnetic flux. The law of change of the EMF in a frame moving in a magnetic field. Active resistance in the alternating current circuit. The instantaneous and effective value of the current. The power in the alternating current circuit.
The inductive and capacitance resistance in the alternating current circuit. The phase difference between current and voltage. The power coefficient. Sequential and parallel connection of resistance in the alternating current circuit.
The work and power of the alternating current. The resonance phenomenon in a variable current circuit. Explaining the power coefficient using a vector diagram of current and voltage. Transformers. The transformation coefficient.
Electromagnetic waves. Connection between alternating electric and magnetic fields. Energy of electric and magnetic fields. Spread of electromagnetic waves. A vortex electric field.
Optical dualism in the nature of light. The law of reflection and refraction of light. Light propagation along a straight line. Shadow and half shadow. Absolute and relative refractive index of the medium.
Lenses.Types of lenses. The main parameters of the lens. The optical force of the lens system. The path of light in a lens and the construction of an image in a lens. The optical force of the lens. The magnification coefficient of the lens.
Optical instruments. Eye structure. Eyeglass types for eyes with defects. The microscope and the path of light in it. LUPA. The magnification coefficient of the magnifier.
Photometry.Main photometric quantities: light flux, light strength, illumination, brightness. The laws of illumination.
Images in mirrors.Application of the law of reflection in flat and spherical mirrors. Types of spherical mirrors and creating images in them. Basic formulas and parameters for a spherical mirror.
The law of light refraction.The passage of light through a parallel plate of flat glass. The displacement of light passing through a parallel plate. The angle of inclination of a light beam in a glass prism.
Wave properties of light. Corpuscular wave duality. Light is an electromagnetic wave. Light interference. Experiments on interference. Light diffraction. Light dispersion. Polarization of light.
The spectra of matter. Dispersion. Absorption and radiation spectra. Continuous, linear, striped spectra. Spectral analysis. Spectroscope. Ultraviolet and infrared rays. The scale of electromagnetic waves.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Introduction to solving problems related to the propagation of light along a straight line. 98-90. Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Introduction to methods for solving problems related to the wave nature of light.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Introduction to methods for solving problems related to the wave nature of light.
The laws of thermal radiation. The concept of an absolutely black body with respect to bodies according to the law of conservation of energy. Kirchhoff's laws. The concept of an ultraviolet radiation accident. Planck's hypothesis. Vinn's law of displacement.
Photo-effect phenomenon. The laws of photoelectricity. Internal and external photo effects. Photon, mass, energy, and impulse of a photon. The application of the photoelectric effect. The red border of the photoelectric effect.
Theory of Relativity. Einstein's troughs. Results from the special relativity theory. Changes in time, mass, momentum, density, linear dimensions, and changes in mass during relativistic velocity movements.
Use of light energy. Heliotechnics. Environmentally friendly energy sources. Solar sandbags and sun baths.
The Compton effect. De Broglie wavelength. Compton wavelength and scattered photon energy for radiation.
Structure of the atom.Thomson and Rutherford models of atomic structure. The Rutherford experiment. The bottom of Bor. Energy release and absorption during transitions between energy levels. Radiation series for a hydrogen atom.
Completing the gaps in the Rutherford experiment and the Bohr pastures. The concept of energy levels for a hydrogen atom. The Frank and Hertz experiment. Stationary and excited energy levels.
Atomic nucleus. Structure of the nucleus, dimensions of the nucleus. Chadwick's experiment. Nuklones. Nuclear forces. Isotopic elements. The binding energy of nucleons. Defect mass. Neutrino. Relative binding energy.
Nuclear reactions.Conservation of mass and energy in nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission reactions. Uranium fission chain reactions. The neutron multiplication coefficient. Nuclear reactor. Thermonuclear reactions.
Radioactivity. Types of radioactivity. Half-life. Soddy's law of radioactive displacement. Radioactivity decay law. Radioactive element activity and average lifetime. The transmittance of radioactive rays.
Solving problems for reinforcement and repetition. Introduction to methods for solving problems related to the application of Boron troughs for hydrogen atoms and hydrogen-like atoms.
